The Stranger (The Outsider), Nausea, and Death on the Installment Plan :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Stranger (The Outsider), Nausea, and Death on the Installment Plan The Stranger, by Albert Camus, Nausea, by Jean-Paul Sartre, and Death on the Installment Plan, by Louis-Ferdinand Celine, all contrast themselves with internal texts that fail to represent the world competently. The Stranger includes the prosecutors annals of the murders as an incompetent text by refusing to domiciliate the motives he assigns. It contrasts itself with the prosecutors narrative in view of the excessive language of the prosecutor versus the simple reporting of Meursault. The Stranger similarly positions comments by Marie and Raymond as incompetent by contrasting their pity with the texts own view that no event is truly pitiable. Nausea positions a text by Balzac as incompetent because it assigns cause to events by using psychology and past time. The novel includes paintings of a wayward bachelor and bourgeois grandfather as incompetent texts. Nausea also positions the Self-Taught Man s description of calamity as incompetent by arguing that adventure is a social construct. Death on the Installment Plan marks an effusive letter to Courtial as incompetent, in contrast with Ferdinands stance of reporting. It also positions Courtials pamphlets promoting an outdoor education as incompetent by showing that they misrepresent Courtials intentions and ability. Death also uses Augustes letter to Ferdinand as an attempt to bend Ferdinand to the values of the bourgeoisie, which he questions. Each of the three texts increase its own verisimilitude through its implicit comparison with inadequate internal texts. The Stranger contrasts its narrative of the murder of the Arab with the prosecutors narrative, in terms of the faulty motives that the prosecutor ascribes to Meursault. The prosecutor provides a cause for each of Meursaults actions. Meursault summarizes the prosecutors case I had asked Raymond to give me his gun. I had gone moxie alone intending to use i t. I had shot the Arab as I planned . . . And to make sure I had done the job right, I fired cardinal more shots (99). However, the text does not assign these causes to the murder. As Meursault approaches the Arab, he realizes that as far as I was concerned, the whole thing was over, and Id gone there without even persuasion about it (58).

Physics of Black Holes Essay -- physics space black holes

Black holes - the strange scientific phenomenon that has astounded physicists and astronomers alike for decades. Popular subjects in accomplishment fiction novels, char holes are one of the greatest enigmas of the scientific world. Even today, the concept of a super-dense ball of matter that not even light evoke escape from is somewhat farfetched, and many scientists disagree with each other about nearly every aspect of a black hole. This project will strain to shed some light on these mysterious formations, and will inform you the reader of the most popular and widely accepted theories surrounding them. Karl Schwarzschild is credited with macrocosm the brilliant astronomer who developed the concept of black holes. In 1916, using Einsteins general theory of relativity, he began to make calculations about the gravity fields of stars. He concluded that if a huge rush, such as a star, were to be concentrated down to the size of an infintessimal point, the effects of Einsteins rela tivity would get really jolly extreme. Schwarzschild doubted that a star could get that small, and theorized that if a star did infact shrink upon itself like that, its gravity would remain the same and the planets revolving around it would remain in the same orbits they ceaselessly had. Since then however, some of Schwarzschilds theories have been disproved, but most of his initial theories hold intact today. The Schwarzschild Radius, the maximum radius a body with a specific mass can have that wont let light escape, is named in his honor, and the equation of which is still in use today Rs=2MG/(c2)In truth, English geologist John Michell was the first to elicit the existence of black holes. He referred to them dark stars and based his calculations on Newt... ...ke for instance the two images below. The first is a two-dimensional representation of the gravity of a mean(prenominal) star. Imagine any object floating through shoes as a marble. Said marble rolling along the flat su rface of the space will roll into the indentation made by the suns gravity. If you flick the marble hard enough, it can roll out of the indentation and roll away. The second photograph is a representation of the gravity made by a black hole. Notice that if the marble rolls into the hole, theres no way it can get out, since there is no end to the hole.Such prospects are intriguing, and provide science fiction novelists with endless material for their writings. None of these theories have been proved, and since we cant get close enough to a black hole to study one, theyre all perfectly valid. Perhaps one day mankind will discover the truths behind black holes.

Richard Wagner :: Biography, Composer

(1813-1883)German composer.His childhood was divided between Dresden and Leipzig, where he had basic composition lessons his teacher refused payment because of his talent. His first opera, Die Feen (1834), was followed by Der Liebesverbot (1836) the premiere performance was so unprepared that the event was a fiasco, and he henceforth ascertain not to settle for modest productions. The success of Rienzi (1840) led him to be more adventurous in The Flying Dutchman (1843), and even more so in Tannh drug user (1845). Caught up in the political turmoil of 1848, he was forced to flee Dresden for Zurich. During this enforced vacation, he wrote influential essays, asserting (following G. W. F. Hegel) that music had reached a limit after Ludwig van Beethoven, and that the "artwork of the future" would unite music and theater in a Gesamtkunstwerk ("total artwork"). In 1850 he saw Lohengrin produced. He had begun his intimately ambitious work, The Ring of the Nibelung, a fo ur-opera cycle. The need for large-scale unity brought him to the concept of the leitmotiv. He ceased work on the Rings third opera, Siegfried, in the throes of an adulterous love with Mathilde Wesendonk, and wrote an opera of forbidden love, Tristan und Isolde (1859), which also seemed to break the bonds of tonality. He published the Ring librettos in 1863, asking if some German prince would support his artistic dreams, and Ludwig II of Bavaria responded. Shortly thereafter, Cosima Liszt von Blow became the mother of the first of his children they marriedin 1870, after his own wifes death.

Merging Social Work and Social Advocacy in Response to the Plight of Un

Merging Social Work and Social Advocacy in Response to the Plight of alone Child Refugees in the United StatesIntroduction More than any country in the world, the United States has been a haven for refugees fleeing religious and political persecution in their shoes countries. Linked forever to the phrase inscribed on the Statue of Liberty, Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the United States, in the eyes of persecuted people end-to-end the world, has been idealized as a land of freedom and new beginnings. However, the changing face of refugees seeking asylum in the United States in the past some(prenominal) decades has exposed stark gaps in the reasoned, administrative, and social treatment of refugees. The majority of refugees in the early part of the twentieth century fled as families or in prominent groups. Recently, however, increasing numbers of children are fleeing their home countries alone. Currently, best estimates are that ove r one-half of the worlds refugee population, or over 20 million, are children.1 Human Rights Watch, a guard dog non-governmental organization, estimated that in 1990 over 8,500 children, 70 percent of whom were unaccompanied, reached United States shores.2 While this figure is small relative to the total world estimate of child refugees, the lack of general or comprehensive United States governmental policies specifically geared toward assessing the asylum claims of children and their circumstances has become increasingly problematic. Continued human rights violations in China, worldwide race murder - as seen in Bosnia in the early 1990s and currently in Kosovo - and persistent civil wars in Sri Lanka and parts of Africa, have resulted in an increase of t... ...vler warmness works with children and adults who are victims of torture, while a number of agencies, such as the Bosnian Refugee Center, provide support for specific ethnic groups. In terms of legal advocacy, the Midwest Immigrants Human Rights Center provides pro bono legal representation for adult and children asylum seekers. References Bhabha, J., & Young, W. (1998) Through A Childs Eyes Protecting the Most Vulnerable asylum Seekers. Interpreter Releases 75 (21), pp. 757-791.Center for the Study of Human Rights, Columbia University. (1994) Twenty-five Human Rights Documents. New York Columbia University.Ehrenreich, R. (1997) Slipping Through the Cracks. New York Human Rights Watch.in-migration and Naturalization Service, United States Department of Justice. (1998) Guidelines for Childrens Asylum Claims. (File 120/11.26).

Compare And Contrast: dune By Herbert And star Wars By Lucas :: essays research papers

Comp are and Contrast "Dune" by Herbert and "Star Wars" by Lucas     The fresh Dune by Frank Herbert, and the novel Star Wars by George Lucashave many comparisons and contrasts. Even though they were written more than 10years apart, they are both very entertaining.     In Dune the story takes place on a dry desert planet called Arrakis,where water is very scarce, and only the plenteous own it. Similarly, in Star Warsthe story starts out on a desert world called Tatooine, where water is veryscarce and expensive.     In Star Wars there is a mysterious power called the force that only afew people posses. It allows you to move objects, see in to the future, and send with people far outside(a) just by thinking it. Similarly, in Dune thereis a power that very few people posses. It let the people that knew how to useit communicate with their people when they were far away, and let them see intothe future. & nbsp   In Dune, there are people who live out in the desert called Freemen whoare scavengers and somehow break through without water. Similarly, there is a smallscavenger race called Jawas who live out in the desert in the story Star Wars.     In Dune the principal(prenominal) fictional character is a teenage boy whose father was killed bythe evil Vladmir, a powerful leader who he must confront and kill. The maincharacter finds out that Vladmir is related to him, he is his uncle. He likewisestarts to learn about a powerful force from someone close to him, his mother.Similarly, in Star Wars the main character is a teenage boy, whose father waskilled by the evil Darth Vader, whom he must confront. Darth Vader also turnsout to be related to the main character, his father. He also gets his firstteachings in the force from someone close to him, the man that was like an uncleto him.     In Dune, all the space flights and cargo trans portation were done by the

Palestine and Israel Essay -- Middle East War Palestin Israel Essays

heaven and IsraelOn the day of January 18th, 2004 Israeli forces rushed through the Gaza strip and attempted a dangerous raid. The effects of the raid left eight Palestinians civilians dead in cold blood. Within twenty-four hours a young Palestinian police police officer by the name of Ali Jaara climbed onto a Jerusalem bus and detonated a bomb, killing him and ten Israeli passengers. This is a very sad but common lesson of the never ending war that takes place not only on the battlefield but now on the streets and in homes of innocents. The war between nirvana and Israel may be able to date back to Biblical times and there seems to be no end in sight for either side. (Winder) The war in the Middle East is a great one. The cause for the fighting between both sides has changed repetitively. One of the earliest problems dates back to the bible. It is said that an angel promised the exiled buckle down Hagar that her son Ishmael would be the father of a country and his descendan ts would be scorned and against everyone. Ishmaels descendants did become the Arabs and would be hated by many an(prenominal) especially the Jews. But in fact the Jews would face much more persecution and hatred than the Arabs ever did until recent events. From 1250 BCE to 138 CE the Jews fought many wars against the romish Empire, the Babylonians, and the strength of Alexander the great. Over this time period the Jews were exiled, revolted, and then after a Jewish revolt in 133 CE, Jerusalem was destroyed and all of its inhabitants were exiled, banished, and strained into labor and slavery. (Porat) Thousands of years later in 1897 the first Zionist congress met in Switzerland to make plans for a Jewish state. Their dream was finally realized in 1917 the British Foreign Minister Arthur Balfour agreed to establish a national home for Jews in Palestine. He informed a leading Zionist and this became know as the Balfour Declaration. This was the first action that may have led to the rekindling of the rivalry between Jews and Arabs. After The Declaration over the next 15 years many Jews began to immigrate to British Mandate Palestine. This caused a lot of unrest among the Palestinian Arabs, and caused a strike by the Arab population, this was countered by the Irgun Zvai Leumi who was a Zionist group that attacked not only Arabs but also British targets. The Zionist groups hoped to liberate themselves... ...they affect a lot of people who want nothing to do with the brutality and force out they are forced to face everyday. Some like the Father of the policeman who became a suicide bomber had to face many consequences. With the death of his son his family mourned and was ineffective to support itself. On top of those problems days after the suicide bombing Israeli forces stormed into his house and destroyed it leaving it lying in mere rubbles and stones. without delay his family is forced to live in tents and on the streets to starve with it being no fault of there own. So many chances of peace have been ignored or just completely forgotten, its an eternal and never ending war.Works Cited Mallison, William Thomas. The Palestine problem in international law and world order. Essex Longman, 1986.The Origin of the Palestine Israeli Conflict. THE WASHINGTON REPORT ON MIDDLE EAST AFFAIRS. 6 Jan. 2005. Jews for Justice in the Middle East. 6 Jan. 2005 .Porat, Dina. The blue and the yellow stars of David the Zionist leading in Palestine and the Holocaust. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 1990.Winder, Rob. My son the suicide bomber. BBC News Online. 2 Mar. 2004. 6 Jan. 2005

Report on Education and Computers

An important question many Christian schools are trying to answer is How drop we fit computers into the educational process? To answer this question we must know that computers can have at least three roles in education Tool, teacher or Tutor. Teachers enjoyment computers in many different ways. They practice session computers as tools for output signal purposes. Word processors, presentation software, spreadsheets, scanners, quality printers, and more combine to allow the production of the documents that help our society function.They produce web pages that make our ideas and business available to the world. They also produce school brochures, leaflets, tracks and yearbooks that rival professionally designed products. Teachers also use computers for storage and to retrieve information. Financial software, databases, spreadsheets, administrative software, grading programs, and schedulers all produce a measure of organization and efficiency that has greatly improved our education al capabilities.As a communication tool, the computer has revolutionized the world. Teachers also use computers as tools to access the seemingly infinite information resources on the Internet. As a tool, the computers capabilities are bound only by ou Christian schools can also use the computer as a teacher. In the field of education, the computer has not come entirely into its own. For most Christian schools, the funds are not available to set up programs of instruction that are computercentric.For us to fully use the computers capabilities, we would need entire classrooms wired and networked with enough stations to teach every student correctly and efficiently. Visual aids, videos, textbooks, remarks and instructions could be make available to each student by the cilck of a button. Teachers, computers, and students could then work together for truly interactive and individualized instructions. Tests and quizzes could be given and scored right on the screen and the grades automatic ally registered in the teachers master station.Most Christian schools cannot afford more than a computer lab in which they the fundamental principle of word processing. Instead of using computers as teachers, most schools are using them as tutors. The distinction is small but important. The word teacher connotes classroom instruction, epoch tutor connotes individual instruction. Using this method, individual students are tutored by means of educational games or fun instructional programs. This is a grea tidea, and these are a clique of excellent programs for just this purpose. However, these are some logistical problems.

Comparison Between the Yellow Wallpaper and Tell-Tale Hearts

Jaime Macias Professor Whalen English 1B 22 October 2012 Critical Thinking Log 2 Short Story 2 Madness within the human psyche goes hand and hand when the names Edgar Allen Poe and Charlotte Perkins Gilman atomic number 18 spoken. The stories The Tell-Tale Heart, by Edgar Allen Poe and The Yellow Wallpaper, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman are both prime examples of how 19th century authors provoked the ideas of paranoia and mental deterioration within troubled narrators.These disorders can be compared in reference to when each caseful makes its discovery, the similarities can be drawn from discovering these comparisons in mental state, and then differences between The Tell-Tale Heart and The Yellow Wallpaper can be broadcasted. In Tell-Tale Heart, Poes report card through the eyes of an obsessive madman, this is very similar to the protagonist in The Yellow Wallpaper by Gilman. Because of the narrators delusional states, it makes it difficult to differentiate between existing events o r from those that occur through the distraught mental state of each narrator.Each character discovers and comes to admittance of their mental disability at different intervals of the stories. The Tell-Tale Heart has craze declared at the very beginning of the story when the narrator proclaims I am mad? The disease had sharpened my sensesnot destroyednot greyed them. (Poe 81). In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman gradually develops the obsession and the disorder in the narrators mental state. The narrator describes the house they have moved into for the summer in the beginning as being, The most beautiful place It is quite alone, standing well back from the road, quite three miles from the village. (Gilman 88). As the narrator examines every move on of the house, she comes to the wallpaper and thats when the obsession begins. I never saw a worse paper in my life. She continues by stating One of those sprawling, flamboyant patterns committing every esthetical sin. (Gilman 89) It is here where she describes the wallpaper with detail and begins her descent into mental corrosion. One of the most obvious differences lies in the writing style of Edgar Allen Poe and Gilman, but many of the ideas circle about similar topics.

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of youth justice policies in England and Wales since 1997 Essay

IntroductionWhen dig out took moroseice in 1997 they considered that they would be tough on criminal offence and the causes of crime. The first 6 months were unprecedented, with six consultation documents being released on youth and crime each containing its protest proposals these were first published in Tackling Youth Crime, Reforming Youth Justice (Labour 1996). To jump-start this essay I go a guidance first discuss Labours 1997 White newspaper publisher, No more(prenominal) excuses A new approach to tackling youth crime in England and Wales, where form _or_ system of government was laid out and then later legislated in The Crime and Dis mark do 1998. From this I will survey the weaknesses and strong suits of the divers(a) elements of this policy which will involve the aims of the youth nicety system. Then in the second part move to evaluate the abolition of the doli incapax, the mendness regularize and p benting order.Thirdly I will evaluate the barbarian sa fety order, local anesthetic anesthetic child curfew, net warning scheme, action plan order. The fourth part will be an evaluation of the detention and educate order and new arrangements for safe(p) put offs of 12-16 year olds. And finall(a)y the establishment of the Youth Justice Board for England and Wales, Youth Offending Teams and the duties of the local authorities and other agencies to chance upon surely the availability of the appropriate youth comelyice services. And then finally bring all my findings to exither to produce a clear and comprehensive goal which I believe has many strengths and some weaknesses.The Labour governments 1997 White paper, No more excuses A new approach to tackling youth crime in England and Wales is a document which sets out labours programme of reform for the youth safeice system in England and Wales, it aims ar a clear strategy to stay anger and re-pique, that offenders, and their parents, face up to their offending conduct and chanc e upon responsibility for it, earlier, more effective intervention when young people first offend, faster, more businesslike procedures from arrest to sentence, partnership between all youth justice agencies to deliver a better, faster system Home stain (1997).According to the Home location (1997) the aim of the youth justice system is to prevent offending by young people. And the Crime and Disorder Bill has in it a requirement that it is the craft of all people working in the youth justice system to uphold these. The requirement covers all the youth justice agencies in England and Wales like the legal philosophy, kindly services the probation services and others working in the Youth Offending Teams, the Cr hold prosecution service, defence solicitors, the prison services and courts and the way they deal with young adults. The claim is that this will provide unity between them all and that everyone is striving for the same purpose.The government will also complement this with a new proposal for a new Youth Justice Board for England and Wales who will befuddle advice on how to set standards and how to monitor performance. in like manner this will non take over or supersede practitioners previous roles, unless will support them to understand their actions and choices when they deal with young people this croupe help to stop offending and fundament prevent avoidable delays such as the chances of offending when awaiting sentence can be reduced, also making young people responsible for their own behaviours which can help youths understand and change their behaviours. Also community and custodial penalties whose priorities are on the causes of offending which can be en pluckd can help. This certificate of indebtedness that has been stated is a clear strength bringing the various agencies and services in the same margin and having one clear aim of what the task in the lead is this also eliminates any confusion that readiness have existed.The governme nt according to the Home Office (1997) proposes that an aim of youth justice system and the duty discussed previously and their practitioners would be supported by more complete, non statutory objectives for these agencies. These would support the proposals made by Jack Straws Youth Justice Task ride which is a variety of people and groups that have a high knowledge of the system and have now issues of victims and representatives of the governmental departments.The Task Force stated their recommendations for preventing offending which were, a speedy administration of justice so that the accused matter can be sorted out quickly, confronting offenders with the consequences of their actions, for themselves their families, victims and their communities. Punishment which reflects the seriousness and the persistence of the offending. Also to support reparation to victims by the offenders and to strengthen the responsibilities of parents and to help offenders to fix their problems and t o build a sense of the personal self. This is also strength as all mingled have a good knowledge of the problems and the system and would be a good resource to the system to have. And also what the Task Force has recommended is also a good step forward as it is these that have stopped the system from being efficient.Moving onto the abolition of the doli incapax the reparation order and parenting order. The doli incapax according to Muncie (2009275) In England and Wales, children less than 10 could not be found guilty of a criminal offence, and the law for many long time believed that those under 14 were incapable of criminal intent. just now during the 1990s the doli incapax, which had been in the law since the 14th century, was being challenged by both the right and the left. This was due to the Bulger case, the policy was lay under review by the conservatives aft(prenominal) the 1994 High Court ruling. Three years later it was abolished in the Crime and Disorder Act, the reas ons given for this were so that they could convict young offenders who wreaked havoc on communities this was base on the fact that they believed that 10 and 13 year olds could capable of knowing between right and wrong.This was against what the UN had recommended for The UK which they had made in 1995 then 2002 to come in line with the rest of Europe except the government went totally in the other direction. They gave no direction to the courts and to the youth offending teams that overall child welfare is the master(prenominal) consideration. This is a weakness as it contradicts what Labour had said in there White Paper, and the fact that the YOTs would be confused with conflicting policies. This legislation manages not to take the childs age into consideration and this can be seen just by looking at the rest of Europe are the children in the UK not the same.The reparation order is for young adults to understand the cost of their actions and to take responsibility for them. What is asked is that they repair the damage caused directly to the victim through mediation if they both curb or to the community indirectly cleaning up graffiti and other tasks around the community. This would be man gray by the YOT, this can be a substantive strength in the rehabilitation process giving something back to the victims and the community and being able to see the damage they have caused helping to change their lives around.Also the parenting order which has been stated by the Home Office (1997) to be created so that it can give support to parents so they can control their children. The order requires parents attend a counselling or guidance session once a week for 3 months and if the courts think that it is undeniable then a requirement to make sure that children attend school and to see that they get home on a certain time. This is also a strength as it forces parents to be responsible as some parents let their children do what they want to and so this is a good way of making parents act so that they can help their children from offending.Now move onto the child safety order, which according to the Home Office (1997) has been developed to safeguard children who are under ten where there is risk that these children will be convoluted in crime or signs of anti social behaviour can be seen. This could be available to local authorities in the family proceeding court. A court would be able to make a child stay at home at a certain time or bar them from going to certain places. They could also stop certain behaviours like truanting this could also be combined with a parenting order.And if these are not obeyed then the local strength can start proceedings. The strength of this is a the combination of the two orders as it can be most effective this way by handing responsibility 2 both parent and child giving maximum results. Then there is the Local child curfew which is for the Childs own good and to stop neighbourhood crime and discommode and st ates that children should not be out without supervision at night. This can be used by the local authorities and law of nature however they would have to get permission from the Home secretary. Also the council could then bar children under 10 from certain public places after certain times. These can last for up to 90 days and if these are to be extended then police and local community. The strength of this is that it involves the local community so determining whats best for the members of their own community.Then there is the final warning where the Home Office (1997) has replaced the cautioning with a statuary police reprimand, what happens is that the police can decide to reprimand a child and give them a final warning or to bring criminal charges to the offender. What then happens is a community intervention programme is forced which makes the offender and his family talk the causes this behaviour which can help solve the problem. What the final warning entails is that the f irst offence the offender can receive a reprimand by the police if the crime is not that serious and if it carries on then a another final warning or criminal charges can be pressed. scarce on no grounds must 2 final warnings be given. The strength of this is that it lets the offender know that they will be strict and will not put up with it again a final warning is a final warning. Also an action plan order which is like a community punishment for young offenders, this is a small, rigorous programme where community intervention is used combined with punishment and rehabilitation so that the offenders behaviour can be changed and more crime can be stopped. The strength in this lies in the way that it uses various methods simultaneously like community intervention, punishment and rehabilitation which can only increase the chances of success.Moving onto and new arrangements for secure remands of 12-16 year olds. The Home office (1997) state that the government should have undeniable p owers to remand to secure accommodation. For young people who are of the age 10-16 and are awaiting trial. And so The Criminal Justice Act 1991 and the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 include in its provisions to amend the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 which was to allow courts to remand 12-16 years olds directly to secure local situation accommodation with certain conditions.But this was not put into operation. The conservatives had started a building programme which was for 170 new local authority secure places, there completion date was 1998. But Labour said that these would be not enough. And so declared to use the Crime and Disorder Bill to implement court ordered remand power on some groups of youths. Priority would be gives to 12-14s then girls of the age 15 and 16 and also boys of that age when places become available. This is due to courts believing that these children are vulnerable and they are emotionally and physically immature and so there is a dange r that they could harm themselves, this is also strength as it recognises that they are still young plainly this also does contradict other policies in this White Paper which it does on many levels.Also detention and training orders, these will give powers the Home Office (1997) states can be used for 10-17 year olds and courts can use these only if it is a very serious crime and if they are persistent offenders and the court believes it is needed to protect the public. This will also added to 10-11 year olds but would only be permitted by parliament if seen to be needed. The length of the sentence will be divided, fractional of it will be in custody and half in community supervision and this also could be adjusted if good behaviour is seen. This is a good as it does not just impose a detention where by this can harden the youth and in some cases lead to shape up crimes but with the community supervision would let the offender know that they have been given a chance to mend their ways.Then Maguire, Morgan and Reiner (2002560) discuss Labours new youth justice which is the forming of the Youth Justice Board (YJB) and the Youth offending Teams (YOTs) and also what takes place through this legislation is a restructure of non custodial penalties in the youth court. So considering Labours main aim of having a youth justice system which prevents offending by children and young adults, the way labour went about this is to impose order from the centre. in that respect tools to enable this was a catalogue of legislations, also the then Home secretary Jack Straw formed a youth justice task force the aim of this was to keep a tight link with all the other agencies involved with young offenders. Due to the section 41 of the Crime Disorder Act the YJB had turned into a non departmental public body which was then sponsored by the Home Office.The job of the YJB was to monitor the chokening of the youth justice system and the provision of the youth justice services and a lso the national standards and establishing the right performance measures. What also the 1998 Act made possible was for the home secretary to give the notice more powers which included the YJB becoming the commissioning body of all the placements that are under 18 in a secure facility on remand or have a sentence from the courts. The YJB was also given control over commissioning places including prison services YOTs, secure training centres (STCs) and local authority secure units. This is also strength as it brings together all the agencies under one roof you could say and so the aims are understood by all and are the same this can only help.This brings me to managerialism, the reason the YJB and the YOTs were set up in the first place was because according to Muncie (2009297) investigations from the Public Accounts Committee, Audit commission and the discipline Audit Office recommended and supported subjugating professional skills independent managerial ideals of what works, whi ch could attach certain resources to credible and successful outcomes and which could initiate responsibility to law and order from a central state to a sequence of semi independent local partnerships which will include privatized bodies and voluntary agencies.Words such as individual need, rehabilitation, reformation, penal purpose and due process are replaced by techniques of classification and actuarialism, risk assessment and resource management changes all the earlier understanding of law and order from understanding motivations of crime to making crime bearable through universal coordination. This is a total difference from earlier ways and managerial system is mind to lower the standard or expectations of what a government can achieve in the youth justice system. This to me is a weakness as it is being run like a business which always has its priorities in cost and reduction, but also I can see strengths to as it can be more efficiently run with professionals running it wit h the right knowledge.The Act also contained anti social behaviour orders. Muncie (2009317) explains that they are usually refer to a variety of things such as youths that hang out causing trouble making a nuisance of them and to their neighbours, making noise, vandalising property, littering, and causing graffiti to public property and drunkenness. This has been a antecedence in England and Wales, the key to New Labour was to strengthen the ability of the criminal justice system so they could treat disorder and the lack of respect but serious crimes too as it was clear that disorder was rising and was affecting neighbourhoods and also that it was a sign of times to come more serious crimes.The police and courts were said to be powerless against the nuisance and the anti social behaviour that was being caused and that this was being mixed in with impunity. Second at the centre was a program and wish not just to reduce crime and disorder, but to encourage a process of civil renewal and civic responsibility. Third the broken windows theory was taken aboard a it was believed that a failure to accept zero tolerance policing of lesser serious offending and signs of disorder could only further destroy already deprived and marginalized communities.The Anti social behaviour order (ASBO) was the flagship of New Labour in their 1998 Crime and Disorder Act. Muncie (2009318) explains that this is a civil not a criminal order and can be given by the police and local authority to anyone that is over 10 years of age whose behaviour can cause alarm, distress or even harassment. The minimum time an order can last is two years. But if you breach the order it will be treated as a criminal offence and the punishment for this can be up to two years in prison for juveniles and basketball team years for adults. Certain local authorities went even further and started to experiment with Acceptable Behaviour Contracts (ABCs) which were for even lower levels of behaviours and for low er ages those below for ten years of age.And if they are given an order then they must agree and to take steps to correct their behaviour, the steps will be decided by local youth offending team (YOT) and their parents must also agree on the steps. Initially when the ASBO was introduced it was said that it was for adults that were nuisances to their neighbours, but this statement was later changed and became for young people and areas that high crime rates became the targets of this order. The Home office review, 58% were made on under 18 year olds and a further 16% on those aged between 18 and 21. There are certain steps in this that are positive but to me there are inherent weaknesses to, like to give anti social behaviour order and lock youths in their houses and stop them from going into certain locations can work but does not address the real problem, and Labour could try and find the cause of these problems as this to me is just breeding further adult criminals and as we have seen lately getting an ASBO is something to show off so demoralising it entirely.So to conclude I have found that Labour have a lot of strengths in their Youth Policy but have inherent weaknesses which stem from various contradictions in the policy. The strength that I have found are first of all is the duty that has been put into the legislation, which brings various agencies and services together, which unifies them and sets a main agenda that all must adhere to as it is in the legislation to follow the duty and eliminates any confusion that might have existed, and another strength is to support these by the task force which comprises of professionals and people in the field that can offer the best advice.Also the reparation order is a strength as it forces parents to be responsible as some parents let their children do what they want to and so this is a good way of making parents act so that they can help their children from offending and make them responsible. Then the child saf ety order, the strength of this is a the combination of the two orders as it can be most effective this way by handing responsibility 2 both parent and child giving maximum results. Then the local child curfews strength lies in the way it involves the local community so determining whats best for the members of their own community. Then there is the final warning where the strength in this lies in the way that it uses various methods simultaneously like community intervention, punishment and rehabilitation which can only increase the chances of success.Which brings me to secure remands of 12-16 year olds which is also a strength as it recognises that they are still young but this also does contradict other policies in this White Paper which it does on many levels, the detention training programme has strength because it does not just impose a detention where by this can harden the youth and in some cases lead to a life of crime but with the community supervision would let the offend er know that they have been given a chance to mend their ways. The forming of the YOTs and YJB is strength as it brings together all the agencies under one roof you could say, and so the aims are understood by all and are the same this can only help, and managerialism is strength as it can be more efficiently run with professionals in charge.Now I will just conclude my findings of the weaknesses which are the abolition of the doli incapax to me is a weakness as it manages not to take the childs age into consideration and this can be seen just by looking at the rest of Europe, are the children in the UK not the same. Another weakness is the ASBO to lock youths in their houses and stop them from going into certain locations can work but does not address the real problem, and Labour could try and find the cause of these problems as this to me is just breeding further adult criminals and as we have seen lately getting an ASBO is something to be proud off and to show off so demoralising the order entirely. There are strengths and weaknesses in this policy but I have found the strengths outweigh the weaknesses.BibliographyHome Office, (1997), White Paper, No More Excuses A new approach to tackling youth crime in England and WalesMuncie, J. (2009), Youth and Crime, 3rd edition, London, Sage publicationsMaguire, M. Morgan, R and Reiner, R. (2002), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 3rd Edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.Goldson, B. Muncie, J. (2006), Youth Crime and Justice, London, Sage PublicationsBaldock, J. Manning, N. and Vickerstaff, S. (2007), Social Policy, 3rd edition, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os

Mobile os Vs Desktop os android was designed from the ground up as an operating frame (OS) for mobile devices. Its built-in application and store- treatment systems were engineered with battery life as one of the most critical concerns. The Android OS does not work like a desktop operating system. On a desktop OS, like Windows, Mac OS X, or Ubuntu Linux, the applyr is responsible for closing programs in order to keep a reasonable amount of reposition available. On Android, this is not the case. The OS itself automatically removes programs from memory as memory is needed.The OS may also preload applications into memory which it thinks might soon be needed. Under the Hood of Google Android The easiest way I can think of to visualize Androids building is by imagining a house with five rooms The house represents Android in general. The rooms inside, however, represent the five key features in Androids structure * Applications * The Application Framework * Libraries * AndroidRun me asure * Linux bosom. Now, imagine that each of these rooms hold a certain number of people. Each person represents an element of that room. opposite rooms hold different amounts of people.Applications This first room is a doozy. Its people represent all the applications that you have in Android. Games, SMS a calendar, maps, a browser, and your contacts. All applications ar written in Java ,so you can add or canvas away as m each of these as you like. The Application Framework As a developer, youll have full acces to the APIs utilise by the core apps. Android is designed so that any application can publish its capabilities. In turn, anyotherapplication can use those capabilities, as well. It has some security constraints, as is expected, but still. Thats pretty awesome.Along with all that, you get a Content supplier (which al crusheds apps to share information), a Resource carriage (to help you with graphics, layout agitates, etc), a Notification Manager (which gives you tho se annoying status beeps and such), and an Acticity Manager (which manages the life cycle of your apps). All in all, when it comes to creating applications quickly and easily, Android has you covered. Well cover how to write an application in another article. So, you could formulate that the people in this room are the managers and providers and etc. Believe me, there are a LOT.Libraries Android has a set of core libraries off of which the applications run. As always, developers can directly access these. Some of the core libraries include FreeType, SQLite, LibWebCore, and SGL. Android Runtime You could say that the Android runtime room is pretty exclusive it only has two people the Dalvik realistic Machine and the core libraries (am I getting on your nerves with this people occasion yet? ). In Google Android, theres a tool called DX. What this does is it executes charge ups in . dex format, which are specially for the Dalvik Virtual Machine.This format is also created for minim al memory footprints, which makes it ideal for cell phones. The Dalvik Virtual Machine is written so it can run multiple prcesses quickly and smoothly. It relies on the Linux Kernel to do its magic. Well talk about that right after this. Linux Kernel Lastly, we have the Linux Kernel. This little room contains the Keypad, WiFi, Camera, and etc. drivers. The Linux Kernel holds all of Androids internal structure together. It uses Linux 2. 6, and also acts like an abstraction layer between the hardware and the software. 6 FILE SYSTEM . 1 Storage media NAND Android uses the YAFFS flash file system, the first NAND optimized Linux flash file system. For mobile devices, hard disks are too walloping in size, too fragile and consume too much power to be useful. In contrast, flash memory provides fast read access time and better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks. There are fundamentally two different types of flash memory based on their pull technique NOR and NAND. NOR is low density, offers slow writes and fast reads. NAND is low cost, high density and offers fast writes and slow reads.Embedded systems are increasingly using NAND flash for retention and NOR for enter and execution. Limitations Important limitations of NAND memory include block erasure and memory wear away. Block erasure means that when erasing any memory the whole block must be consumed. NAND can be randomly accessed on a page basis during programming, but cannot offer arbitrary random access rewrite or erase during normal operation. To overcome this limitation, memory segments are marked to be removed or dirty. When the entire block is dirty, then it can be erased.Memory wear means that there are a limited number of erase-write cycles in the flash memory and at the end of its lifetime the data integrity of storage pull up stakes deteriorate. Wear levelling techniques are used to uniformly use whole sections and to optimize the total lifetime of the device. Bad block management (BBM) is al so used to perform write verification and remapping to spare sectors in case of write failure. 6. 2 File system for NAND YAFFS YAFFS (Yet Another Flash File System) was develop by Toby Churchill Ltd (TCL) as a reliable filing system with fast boot time for their flash memory devices.They initially tried to modify vivacious flash file systems such as JFFS (used mainly for NOR) to add NAND support, but it turned out that the slow boot time and RAM consumption of animate flash file systems was unacceptable. This led them to develop a different flash file system especially for NAND according to its features and limitations to optimize performance and ensure robustness. Upon closure YAFFS performed better than existing flash file systems and can still be used with NOR, even though it is was specifically designed for NAND. YAFFS is the first flash file system specifically designed for NAND flash.YAFFS includes the following features Journaling a log-structured file system, which make s it robust to possible power failures. Note that YAFFS requires some RAM to maintain the data structure for its log. Garbage collection highly optimized and predictable garbage collection strategies that makes it high performance and deterministic under hard writing. Collection is executed when throw in the towel space becomes low. Lower memory requirement it has a lower memory footprint than most other logstructured flash file systems, so it is more scalable. Flexibility it uses a more general definition of NAND flash, is highly configurable and can be customized to work with various flash devices, different geometries, different error correction options, caching options, etc. Portability although YAFFS was sooner designed for use with Linux, its modular design make it easy and portable to umpteen operating systems. The file-system-specific code was kept separate from the main YAFFS file system code. The YAFFS Direct Interface (YDI) can hook up to other filesystems by apply ing a wrapper layer. Robustness it is well tested and has been used in many products. Bad block handling and error correction mitigate the limitations of flash memory. We can conceptually treat YAFFS as an improved version of flash file system with following improvements 1. YAFFS uses less run-time RAM. 2. YAFFS garbage collection is simpler and faster. 3. YAFFS uses a whole page per file for headers and provides no compression. 4. YAFFS can be used on NOR but, will not perform very well. Therefore, partition size can be a guideline to choose between YAFFS and JFFS.For smaller partition sizes JFFS is better suitable whereas for larger sizes YAFFS performs better. KERNAL MODIFICATIONS Android is based on the Linux, but does not use a standard Linux kernel. The kernel enhancements of Android include alarm driver, ashmem (Android overlap memory driver), binder driver(Inter-Process Communication Interface), power management, low memory killer, kernel debugger and logger. All these kern el enhancements have been contributed back to the open source community under the gnu Public License (GPL) 8. Here we list a summary of the most substantial components alarm driver provides timers to excite devices up from sleep * ashmem allows applications to share memory and manages the sharing in kernel levels. * binder driver facilitates inter-process communication since data can be shared by multiple applications through the use of shared memory. A service registered as an IPC service do not have to worry about different threads because binder will handle, monitor and manage them. Binder also takes care of synchronization between processes. * Power management built on the top on standard Linux Power Management (PM) and take a more aggressive policy to manage and save power.Android is hailed as the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. Complete The designers took a comprehensive approach when they developed the Android platform. They began with a secure operating sy stem and built a robust software framework on top that allows for rich application discipline opportunities. Open The Android platform is provided through open source licensing. Developers have unprecedented access to the handset features when developing applications. Free Android applications are free to develop. There are no licensing or royalty fees to develop on the platform.No required membership fees. No required testing fees. No required sign language or certification fees. Android applications can be distributed and commercialized in a variety of ways. Android instead has its own Linux power extension, Power Manager instead. The core power driver (Shown at the bottom of Figure 3 as Power) was added to the Linux kernel in order to facilitate this functionality. This module provides low level drivers in order to control the peripherals supported by the Power Manager. These peripherals currently include screen display and backlight, keyboard backlight and button backlight.Each peripherals power is controlled through the use of Wake Locks. These locks are requested through the API whenever an application requires one of the managed peripherals to remain powered on (Each lock setting shown in Table 1). If no wake lock exists which locks the device, then it is powered off to conserve battery life. In the case of multiple power settings the transition is managed through the use of delays based on system activity. A sample of this behaviour is shown in Figure 4 for the screen backlight. In addition to Wake Locks the Power.

Buddhism vs Jainism

There be great differences as well as similarities when comparison Buddhism and Jainism. The study difference that stands out to me would the doctrines of these religions. Mahavira and Buddha parted ways over doctrine differences. Mahavira and Buddha were powerful and charismatic in the eyes of society. They both obtained the amazing skill to convince and influence which are extremely important in start-up religions. Naturally, these two religions often disagreed over finer aspects of their prospective beliefs. Buddhism was more defined in its criticizing of Jainism.Both desire to convert others. The leaders of the two seemed to have put great efforts in support of finding converts. Both leaders, Buddha and Mahavira were from royal families. Mahavira was the last and most popular of the thirthakaras. These mess worshipped in temples as enlighten beings who live on earth as humans. Buddhism was actually founded by Siddharta Gautama who later became Buddha entering his mothers r ipe(p) side white elephant. Jainism and Buddhism were considered atheistic religions. Neither believes a supreme God exist.However, Buddhism seems to be more agnostic due to speculation that Buddha refused to publicly denounce or dismissed the idea of a supreme God. Both Jainism and Buddhism believe that karma is the force that is responsible for suffering on earth. Unlike Buddhism, Jains believe karma is not unspoilt a result of ones actions. However, karma is a real substance that becomes attached to each jiva, like impurity, performing many actions while on earth. In Buddhism the eightfold grade and four Noble Truths are what are needed to minimize the effects of negative karma and strive for their salvation.Both religions believe in liberation. There are great differences regarding who achieves this. Jains believe souls become entangled in the causative phenomena and fall to the law of karma. If liberated souls are pure and divine, but if bound they result in birth and death. According to Jain doctrine, the soul can free itself from suffering of physical life by leading a pure life as taught the thirrthankaras. Buddhism does not believe eternal souls exist. Therefore liberation is physical and mental perspective.This would be considered an individualistic approach. This indicates this person is not eternal neither Devine. Nirvana is a state in which the persons personality becomes free. Buddhism opposed the order of the Vedic society system that divides people in caste. The Jain did not technically oppose the cast system however everyone was treated equally under the umbrella of Jainism. Buddhas teachings also revealed that humans suffered on earth as a direct result of negative karma, becoming attached and full of worldly desires.The Buddhism belief is the world is filled with evil and discomfort. Man is bound to the cycle of births and deaths until righteously committed. Buddhism opposed rituals of Vedic religion and concentrated more on righteous livi ng to achieve liberation. Jainism did not oppose religious rituals. They worshipped the thithankaras in Jain temples. Jain is an austere religion it focuses more on the individuals actions and purity for gaining liberation. Buddhism has gained more notoriety than Jainism worldwide, most likely due to its practices.Besides, a major difference lies in the dominions of both the religions. Though both, Buddhism and Jainism, developed and originated individually in India, but difference how they went about teaching and converting. While Buddhism went abroad to other separate of the India, Central Asia, far eastern countries, and parts of North America and Europe as well. Jainism remained confined to India and seems to stagnate as it pertains to growth. Buddhism today is culturally diverse.

History of Fashion

OVERVIEW The Ancient Middle East 3500-600 B. C. Mens Aprons worn as a separate item that cover the gential sports stadium and are worn over a skirt or some other garment, or over a loincloth and under a skirt. As being made of one or more pieces of cloth attached to a belt, sash, or band that fastens around the waist. 1470 11th century B. C. Womens Tunic is every of several types of garment for the body, usually simple in style, reaching from the shoulders to a length somewhere between the hips and the ankles.The earliest tunics seem to have been made issue of linen and that in some areas tunics first appeared just after wool came into use. 2500 1000 B. C. The Etruria and capital of Italy 800 B. C. A. D. 400 Mens Paludamentum was generally crimson, scarlet, or purple in emblazon or sometimes white. It was fastened at the shoulder with a clasp, putting on the paludamentum was a ceremonial act on setting out for war. C. 800-200 B. C. forward-looking Influences Versace, etc. Women s Himation was a type of clothing in ancient Greece. It was usually worn over a chiton, but was made of heavier drape and played the reference of a cloak.The himation continued into the Byzantine era, especially as iconographic dress for Christ and other figures from Biblical times, although it appears still to have been worn in real life. C. 800-200 B. C. youthful influences San Patrick, etc. Conclusion In turn of this project, I really enjoyed it because I choose two style of ancient clothing I love capital of Italy and Egypt. The tunic is the basic style of clothing thats very versatile that can be made worn by men, women and children. I like that when Rome gave the tunic an extra edge by either added silk and meaning to wearing it in certain ways like for higher class to the poor and free omen a certain look when theyre wedded. The paludamentum was my second favorite because I love the gladiator war style look that brings to the masculinity of the man. The neo influence of V ersace greatly brought that back when it was disappearing from the world. The two other pieces I choice were just stand by choices that I feel that can greatly complement each of the other garments. References Tunic, Apron, and Himation Definition http//digitalbookshelf. artinstitutes. edu//books/978-1-60901-215-1 Paludamentum Definition http//ancienthistory. about. com/od/clothing/g/011011-Paludamentum. htm Photos http//symbolankh. evhub. com/img/upload/c-hm-thutmose-shadow. jpg http//www. fibre2fashion. com/industry-article/17/1615/contemporary-fashion-from-the-land-of-pharaohs3. asp http//www. versace. com/en/women-fashion-and-accessories/ss-13/fashion-show-collection http//www. weddinginspirasi. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/2010_san_patrick_wedding. jpg http//www. fashion-era. com/images/100_bc_ALLancient_history/bwlotus. jpg http//karenswhimsy. com/public-domain-images/ancient-roman-army/images/ancient-roman-army-4. jpg http//www. shutterstock. com/pic-46840795/stock-photo-ne o-classical-women-like-goddess-in-roman-clothing. html

Should All School Pupils Be Made to Learn at Least One Foreign Language

Should all school pupils be made to consume at least one foreign language? Opinions. 1-its difficult to support the theory all children should learn a foreign language when most appear to be so woefully inadequate in their native tongue. http//www. helium. com/debates/124525-should-all-school-pupils-be-made-to-learn-at-least-one-foreign-language 2-Foreign languages argon important for the individual pupil. Employers value people who are able to speak much than than one language. Learning a language will therefore help students get good jobs when they are older.It will also increase their understanding of other cultures. ttp//www. idebate. org/debatabase/topic_details. php? topicID=524 3-it is also important for English-speakers to learn foreign languages, since not everyone speaks English. And it is polite to be able to speak some of another persons language. Governments should try to come on economic growth. Since languages are important for the economy, governments should make all young people learn them. http//debatepedia. idebate. org/en/index. php/ reason_Compulsory_foreign_languages_in_school4-Requiring school pupils to learn at least one foreign language makes them more responsible and resourceful global citizens. (by Merr Chandler) -Foreign languages are important for the individual pupil. Employers value people who are able to speak more than one language. (http//debatepedia. idebate. org/en/index. php/Debate_Compulsory_foreign_languages_in_school)FACTS, 1-In todays world, with instant communication, and widespread travel, we humans come into reach out with people of other lands, other cultures, and speaking foreign languages, much more frequently than in creator times. ( Carolyn Tytler) 2-A foreign language is important to learn for a few reasons. The first reason as to why it is important to learn is because it gives you a highly

Sap Bw Parallel Data Load

Scenario You have an twenty-one BW carcass with several (application) legions. You would like to distribute the workload of the data loads and other data storage wargonhouse management activities in a way that fits your needs best. This could mean that you would like to have all processes distributed across all available servers or that you would like to have one dedicated server for these processes. 2 doorway deplete uses the bourns instance and application server synonymously. In order to avoid misunderstandings we use the term instance for an SAP instance (application server) in this document.For a physical machine we use the term server. round of the settings described in this document are done on an instance level, some on a server level. If you dont have several instances (of the same SAP system) on one server you dont have to draw this distinction between instance and server when reading this document. there are a host of functions and settings in the area of load ba lancing provided by the basis system (Web Application Server). However, these have been designed primarily for SAPs ERP system.Customizing these features for optimal use with SAP BW requires further favors. The challenges presented with data load processing originate from the fact that many fairly long discharge processes can be started almost simultanesouly. The standard SAP load balancing approach takes the quality of the instances into consideration when distributing the load. This quality is evaluated in regular intervals (five minutes by default). Within one interval a serve of parallel processes may be started on the best instance, using a lot of work processes season the other instances are idle.An optimal distribution of BW OLAP workload or data load choice consumption cannot readily be masterd with this standard method. Without adequate planning, and under heavy workload (peak) conditions, the risks can growth that hardware becomes a bottleneck a limited number of se rvers can become saturated with processes go through resources, and performance (and stability) can potentially suffer significantly. A successful load balancing approach optimally utilizes the hardware resources that have been allocated to the BW system.Note that this discussion assumes that an adequate sizing has been performed to properly size the SAP BW system (see SAP Service Marketplace alias quicksizer for more information). This document describes load balancing approaches for true SAP BW activities. Commonly these activities process large amounts of data. Data (within one process) is split into packages and can therefore be processed in parallel on one or across several servers or instances. On the other hand, several processes can run in parallel on one or on several servers or instances.This means that we can have parallel processing (and consequently achieve load balancing) both within one process and across processes. In our examples we will use a system called XXX a s SAP BW system and a system called YYY as an SAP source system of XXX. During data load processing, data is extracted from the source system and sent to the target SAP BW system. Other load processes involve the SAP BW system as source system, as well as the target system (for example, DataMarts, activation of data in ODS objects). The instances and servers on XXX are as follows, the server ab1234 being the database server

The Downfall of Victor Frankenstein

He was cared for and loved by his parents, as Is shown when he says They seemed to draw Inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love to work upon me (Shelley 22). Victor also lived comfortably and without poverty, his parents even so much as taking In some other child. With Elizabeth now In the family, he also learned about morals and responsibility, as shown when he states, l, with childish seriousness. Interpreted her words literally and looked upon Elizabeth as mine mine to protect, eve, and cherish (Shelley 23) Victor was adequately raise with the right morals and an understanding of responsibility.Victor Frankincenses sudden deterioration of character begins as his mothers health fades away and when he begins attending the university of Magnolias. It is proved that his mental state is unbalanced when he states, My internal being was in a state of insurrection and turmoil (Shelley 36). As his mental health becomes unstable, he then becomes obsessed with science, making it his highest priority, even above his own health and family. Victor then suddenly became consumed with the concept of creating life artificially, and of the philosophers stone of life.Although Victor does succeed in his dream of creating life, he is soon horrified at the sight of what he has created. He is not proud of the Creature, but disgusted at the sight of it, stating, the beauty of the dream had vanished, and dyspnoeal horror and disgust filled my heart (Shelley 57) Victor abandons his creation and leaving it to fend for itself, indirectly causation the murders of loved ones n account of his own shallowness, selfishness, vanity, and disregard of moral responsibility.As the novel progresses, Victor becomes concerned only when for his well- being, and does not hide his contempt for the Creature. Both Victors self-serving attitude and ego shines through when he Is to a greater extent concerned for his own life, than the life of Justices, when he condescendingly sta tes, I have confessed myself guilty of the crimes ascribed to Justine, but such(prenominal) a declaration would have been considered he ravings of a madman (Shelley 66) Victor also shows no condition In holding his contempt for the Creature, and the Creature becomes painfully aware of his creators feelings towards him.

Concept of Classical and Modern Management Essay

While Hellenic and scientific vigilance theories come from generally the same school of occupancy thought, there are some distinct differences within the subgroups. First, theres classical scientific management hypothesis which concentrates on the efficiency of the individual acter. Secondly, you have classical administrative that focuses on the organization rather than the individual worker within. Each have their merits but are also over 100 old age old and can have deficiencies in todays technologically advanced workplace. However, that doesnt reckon that the theories are outdated by any means. You just need to use them as supplements and not a primary or sole management strategy. To understand and implement the classical and scientific management conjecture basics, you need to know the basis and the pros and cons of the theories. Once you have the basics down, itll reduce process procedure problems during implementation. therefore, ahead you institute any of the polici es there are a few items to consider 1. Know the origins of classical and scientific management theory.2. Understand the pros and cons of scientific and classical management theory. 3. Study cases and examples of scientific and classical management theories. witness the tenants of classical and scientific management theory Any theory, no matter what the application, wont work if you dont understand the basis on which its built. One of the basic differences between the both are classical focuses on management and scientific on methods to accomplish good business management. give Evaluate the essential aspects of Scientific Management theory. Then, examine the comparison of the two types of management in this bind on the Classical Schools of Management. Be sure you know the pros and cons of classical theory in business Theres no single management theory that youll be able to apply to every home and have it work.For instance, the classical school of management relies on the experi ence of management more than other theories. This is attractive if your staff is mature. However, youll need to adjust the theory application for inexperienced staff members. prove Study the benefits and limitations on the Scientific Management Theory at 12manage The Executive Fast Track. Then, examine the weaknesses of Classical Management theory at ArticlesGratuits.com to compare and contrast the two.Use case studies and real world examples to understand scientific and classical school of management A proper knowledge base cant be obtained without comprehend how theories apply to situations that youll experience on the job. Case studies and critiques are a great way to accomplish this. Try Register at the Business Network and evaluate the classical school of management case study. expend the classical management real world mistake by Steven C. McConnell. Classical theory of management or any style of management is contingent on the employees to which you apply it. Be sure tha t the theory you subscribe will work correctly with your staff before making any changes.

Pediatric Palliative Care

pediatric alleviatory Care Ana M. Gehan Thomas Edison State College paediatric alleviator Care In modern society, clawren are anticipate to outlive their parents. However, for children living with biography threatening illnesses, mitigatory allot is an nuzzle to accusation that enhances quality of life for both the child and the grieving parents. In the article, Pediatric Palliative Care The Time is Now the authors underline how important it is to start and/or continue pediatric palliative care programs. Worldwide, an estimated 7 million children and their families could put on from hospice care (Rushton, January-February 2002, p. 7). In the United States alone, 1 million children are very serious ill (Rushton, January-February 2002, p. 57). Pediatric palliative care has become an increasing discussion in the health care reality. Palliative care was first introduced in 1990 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and is currently defined as an approach to care which impr oves quality of life of patients and their families facing life-threatening illness through prevention, assessment and treatment of distress and other physical, psychological, and spiritual problems (Morgan, March-April, p. 7). Pediatric palliative care is an area of the patient care that can be one of the most emotionally challenging areas of practice. In the article, Caring for Dying Children Assessing the Needs of the Pediatric Palliative Care Nurse the author outlines how stressful the job of taking care of a dying child can be on the nurse. Health care workers may experience emotions such as helplessness, anger, sadness, and anxiety plot of ground providing care to dying children (Morgan, March-April, p. 86).These emotions may quickly lead to nurse burnout and increase nurse burnout in hospital settings. It is not uncommon for health care workers to perceive the death of a child as a triple failure first, because they did not have the means, skills or abilities to save a lif e second, because in their social role as adults, they were unable to protect the child from harm and, third, because they betrayed parents who trusted them with the most invaluable being in their life (Morgan, March-April, p. 87).The nurses role in caring and supporting children and their families contend special coping skills which are essential to providing the most positive outcome for all that are involved in the palliative process. The aim of pediatric palliative care is to keep the child comfortable while supporting the parents in caring for their child according to their wishes and beliefs. From the diagnosis, parents are already grieving the loss of their child. grieve not only affects the family but has a huge emotional impact on health care providers as well.When a childs life ends, families need intense and long-term psychosocial and bereavement go (Rushton, January-February 2002, p. 57). Psychosocial and bereavement resources and support for health care professional s who care for these children are virtually nonexistent or minimally supported in the current cost constrained health care environment (Rushton, January-February 2002, p. 57). The medical world and Congress have taken an important first step to support the need for pediatric palliative care services.In 1999, CHI successfully advocated for bipartisan congressional appropriations for demonstration model program to yell the unique needs of children with life threatening conditions (Rushton, January-February 2002, p. 59). There is so much to that nursing has to do in the future to make sure that pediatric palliative is out there in every hospital, appoint and every setting that a child is at. We all must increase the awareness of pediatric palliative care programs and the special needs of the nurses who care for these dying children.A childs death may seem like a long, scary pathway. Nurses have the power to create a brighter journey for these patients and their families, as well as f or themselves. References Morgan, D. (March-April). Caring for Dying Children Assessing the Needs of the Pediatric Palliative Care Nurse. Pediatric Nursing, 35(2), 86-90. Rushton, C. H. (January-February 2002). Pediatric Palliative Care The Time is Now Pediatric Nursing, 28(1), 57-70.

ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE VALUE WHEN UNDERTAKING CORPORATE CLIMATE Dissertation

ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE VALUE WHEN UNDERTAKING CORPORATE CLIMATE CHANGE RESPONSIBILITY experienced BY THAI AIRWAY - Dissertation ExampleThe interrogation also seeks to evaluate sustainable determine that the company might have gained as a result of implementing corporate climate change responsibilities as well as highlighting the opportunities that the values created have resulted in for the company. The methods thus used in all told these endeavors are catered for in this section of the research paper. Research Design The overall approach adapted towards the grant research makes use of both qualitative and quantitative data arrangement. This study can therefore not be described as either being a qualitative research or a quantitative research but a combination of the two. In such a situation, it was only all-important(prenominal) that a type of research design that focuses on the strengths of both qualitative and quantitative research be selected (Bandla, 2008). To this end, the detective selected case study as the p call downred research design to cater for the present research. It entrust be noted that once used as a research design, case study offers the researcher the opportunity to critically analyze and evaluate a specific situation within a contract last (Belobaba, 2007). In the present circumstance, the situation studied was the institutionalization of corporate climate change responsibility and the destination was Thai Airways. ... study, the researcher is in a position to conduct detailed review of related lit as a means of collecting secondary data to cater for the secondary data assembly process. The research is also offered an opportunity to visiting the actual destination that is of focus to the research to collect data through the use of various data collection approaches to cater for the primary data collection fixings of the research (Carvalho and Puterman, 2003). Population and Sample Size Generally, the population of the resear ch refers to all people who carry approximately degree of possibility of participating in the data collection exercises especially the primary data collection (Chatwin, 2009). Going through the research objectives and research questions, it would be noticed that the scope of the research is very all-encompassing with many different groups of stakeholders whose contributions would all come together to ensure the success of the research and the achievement of the research aim. Because of this, the researcher has categorized members of the population into two major groups namely clients and service providers. By clients, reference is being made to all people who may benefit from the corporate climate change policy to be adapted by the company in one way or the other. The service providers also refer to key policy makers within the Thai Airways whose activities generally contribute to the successful running of the day-to-day transaction of the company. These include employees, manage rs and shareholders. Of the two groups of population, it could be seen that there are too many people to include in the research all at a go. For this reason, the researcher set a quota for each of the groups of population members to advert the sample size (Feng and Gallego, 2005). In order to

Business Formation & Securities Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Formation & Securities Law - evidence ExampleThe same act also requires all creasees to file registration statements with the Securities and central Commission. This registration should complicate full material facts for investors (HG Legal Directories, 2011). This means that WiDgets &GaDgets has to disclose any heavy information to realtors who are an important part of their business. The realtors need to know all relevant information about ownership and finances before they make any decision to work with the company.The Small Company Formation Act of 2011 Different states in the U.S. have differing legal requirements for business formation. However, they are all similar in that proper registration of the business must be d unmatchable before a company is given the go ahead and take down operations in a accepted area. WiDgets & GaDgets have to go through the proper registration convey before they are allowed by law to form a business in any one state. Then they also required to comply with the real estate requirements for organizations planning to form businesses in crabbed areas (HG Legal Directories, 2011). This means that they have to consider the insurance and tenancy laws of the state they want to set up business. It is also important for the organizations to look carefully at the tax requirements for businesses that are situated in certain areas. In some states, businesses located in prime locations are likely to be taxed more than those in other areas (Cox, Hillman and Langevoort, 2009). While looking for the perfect location for business, WiDgets & GaDgets may have to think about the configuration of place which will enable the company to make maximum returns while maintaining manageable taxation and expenditure.The securities Exchange Act of 1934 is the legislation that governs the secondary trading of business securities. As an organization that multiple chain stores in different states, WiDgets & GaDgets must

Sustainability in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainability in america - Essay Example precipitate in the availability of resources prevents anticipated growth of various economies meaning that sustainable knowledge is a obligatory to economical growth. The changing interest of consumers is also one of the good indicators revealing necessity of sustainability within economic growth (Figge, 2005). Sustainability is defined by considering conditions by dint of which countries view production and manufacturing processes in relation to products, much(prenominal) perceptual experience leads to increased production based on responsibility. Organizations are currently considering the act of being strategic towards sustainable development while at the same era making choices on lucrative processes capable of impart positively towards more sustainable society (Figge, 2005). The aim is to avoid the risks associated with destruction and at the same time pursue profitable dynamics. In developed nations many dynamics affecting quali ty of life such as the environment are not possible to measure using market dynamics. This is since there is curtain raising that ensures such parameters lose value in the occurrence of economic growth. Therefore, any initiative of sustainable development should encompass the three dimensions of environmental, economic and social aspects. There is rapid growth in environmental problems either over the world which could be attributed to rapid increase in population growth making a lot of strain within the environment as well as natural resources. Several domains institute to environmental degradation some of which include industrial pollution, deforestation, land degradation and urbanization amongst others. There is sublime overexploitation of the countrys resources making environmental pollution one of the biggest threats facing life on the planet earth today. Statistics given by World Health Organization Estimates that about two meg people die every year out of air pollution b esides those who suffer ailments and diseases caused by the same. The twentieth and twenty first centuries recorded considerable growth in environmental degradation activities (Figge, 2005). interpreter 1 How does the environmental policymaking process work? Policy making process in America depends on societys desire for change. Every legislative action must gain public choke since such action boosts political incentives within development plan. Public support can be obtained through organized groups and media. Policy cycle in the United States begins with proposal on a course of action, which is followed by law enactment and finally various actions capable of providing successful implementation of the law. Re-evaluation of the policy takes place afterward quite some time for purposes of assessing whether it has achieved intended goals, costs and if any change is necessary. Major environmental regulators in the US include EPA, Interior department, USDA and Fish and Wildlife servi ce (Figge, 2005). Organizations around the world are require to meet the needs of their current consumers without jeopardizing the ability of other generations to efficiently meet their needs. Organizations are required to squeeze responsible policies for their operations following the nature of impact it can have on the entire society. At the same time there is need for business corporations to apply principles of sustainability in all their business operations. such(prenominal) activities reflect organization

Human Resources in the Hotel Paris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources in the Hotel capital of France - Essay ExampleThe gap is one of alignment between larger company outline of superb service and superior customer experience, on the one hand, and how the company at present compensates its employees, which does not necessarily bring out the best out of those employees (The Hotel Paris Case Freedman and Kosova 1-4).There is a disconnect between what the company hopes to achieve, which is establishing the hotel as providing superior guest services, on the one hand, and on the other(a) hand the way the company in general just cave ins average wages in analogy to the industry, and in some cases pays lower than average industry wages for some of the roles. The challenge is in adjust pay levels with the crafted strategy to provide differentiated, superior hotel services to guests, in comparison to the industry level of services. This strategy is hoped to elevate company profitability and viability in the long term, but the current em ployee compensation strategy of pay employees just what the industry pays on average will not help the company achieve its larger goals (The Hotel Paris Case Freedman and Kosova 1-4).Tied to salaries, there is a disconnect between what the company wants to achieve, superior service, and the way the current compensation strategy pays employees the same way regardless of performance. Superior service core superior employee performance, but at present employees have no motivation or reason to perform, habituated that pay is not tied to the way they do their work. There are no incentives in regulate to reward good work. Moreover, the current pay strategy does not stimulate interest from top performers in the industry to go work for Hotel Paris, because there are no incentives to work hard in clubhouse to move ahead. The current pay strategy may have encouraged mediocre employees to stay (The Hotel Paris Case Freedman and Kosova 1-4).There is obviously a price to pay for superior se rvice, and that price is employee pay that is on par or superior to what the industry pays. Superior pay may mean a compensation package that is superior, and not just necessarily based on gross financial pay.

Future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Future - fitting Example (Baudrillard, 1993) Baudrillard was of the view that the nice creation world, in upstart years, has moved into dark insight for future, with creativity significantly stifled by lack of curiosity and esthetical sense. The artistic intellect of people has been largely paralysed, tip the art world into anarchy and blindness. It is same as a biological system being bear on by disorder in its internal genetics and inherent rules that govern it. Similarly, art world has approach turmoil due to collapse of the underlying components that establish its foundation. The above quoted statement suggests that currently, the field of telematics has suffered largely from its protest backfired initiative taken for promoting transparency and candidness. To make it worse, eventually technology came into role-play which focused primarily on creating mobility and connectivity. In due course of achieving these goals, technology led the society into a scenario where face- to-face communication is no seven-day prised or considered (Baudrillard, 1993). Although, the whole propaganda of art has been observed to flourish across the globe in recent decades, this enhancement is not in real terms. The true spirit and obsession that was embedded in art forms in previous times has diminished largely. The innovation, that once led artists and spectators into an imaginary world and generated serenity and hug drug for them, no longer exists in the modern world. Consequently, art has lost its cultural significance, emotional attachments and extrinsic value in our societies. Now, the masses have gone astray in absence of aesthetic sense for artistic objects and primarily focus on their materialistic values and religious implications (Gane, 1995). Artists and ordinary Web surfers alike depart have to determine whether cyberspace truly is a new form of absence and transparent annoyance, or whether, instead, it is a place for creative, intelligent, and beneficia l sensory exploration and communal connection. - C. Freeland Previously known scarcely as a network of computer terminals, cyberspace is no longer restricted to this simple and proficient definition. Freeland claimed that the net income has embedded into our communities and lives to an extent where survival without it is not possible anymore. He stated that it has promoted transparency to unacceptable levels, thereby allowing social evils to be easily acknowledged by masses as part of the ontogeny process. It is only fair to state here that the global village is on the verge of entering an study and technology age where spatial creations shall be more valued than natural beauty. In context of art, internet has caused a major transition of people from appreciating reality and originality to accepting the virtual forms of art. Simulation discards the craving for an aesthetic eye to be pleased with some real piece of art instead, it develops recognition for hyperreal content whic h is especial(a) only to screens that displays cyberspace interface. Transparency here refers to the increasing proximity of

LEGAL ADVICE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LEGAL ADVICE - Research Paper ExampleContinuously, the healthcare be trend of the university has been on the increase at a rate of between 10-15% yearly. Though this is economically well-founded given the current economic environment, a steering committee was formed to form a five-year first step to lead the organization for another five year term period. Based on the aforementioned go against and prioritization analyses, as well as our learning from benchmark studies, it is intended that the following areas will receive precession over the next five years. Between Years, One and Two MHCI has to plan to undertake the following initiatives 1. evolution and implementation of a comprehensive communications plan to move people to action around health improvement 2. Annual offering of free, confidential health assessments for regular, active UM faculty and staff, including a health questionnaire and wellness screening 3. Provision of wellness assessment participation incentives for eligible faculty and staff 4. Post health questionnaire follow?up and referral to helpful programs and health coaching designed to help individuals reduce their health risks and/or maintain their low?risk status 5. Implementation and evaluation of population?based wellness programs such(prenominal) as Active U, healthy eating, online tools related to ergonomics and mental and emotional health 6. Analysis of the continuative and integration of MHealthy programs with UM health care benefit offerings 7. Analysis and implementation of innovative programs designed to improve the think of of health care in Michigan and beyond From Years, Three through five a flip in the initiative proviso strategies will take a different form as follows 1. act provision of wellness assessments and incentives (wellness screenings to be provided in years three and five) 2. Detailed program analysis to break impact on health improvement, culture change and cost containment strategies 3. Additional strategic program planning based on outcomes from detailed program analysis 4. Continued analysis of the alignment and integration of MHealthy programs with UM health care benefit offerings 5. Lastly, we will ensure continued analysis and implementation of innovation programs for effectiveness and cleverness in the organization. The recommendations in the development of the initiatives are considered a business imperative as well as the right thing to do. It is essential to the overall well?being of the University and its employees to improve health and at the identical time, slow the growth in health care costs. Elements of administrative impartialitys and their relevance to the upcoming initiative This counterbalance of the laws includes the laws and the principles of law, which will lead to the administration, and the regulation of MHCI. Such elements include those that will enable the organization perform triplex tasks to their target clients and the citizens at large with regard to the required regulatory frameworks. Such elements of the law include the imagination protection elements, transport regulation elements, the food and health protection elements of the law. Because not all administrative law systems are the same, it is imperative for an individual to have knowledge of the political, historical, social, and economic context of the system of a limited state to fully understand its administrative law. In most systems, a state

John Wycliffe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

John Wycliffe - Essay ExampleUntil recently the importance of Wycliffes teachings and ideas for England that was experiencing critical times at his day has been widely neglected. The common view is that Wycliffes legacy exerted certain influence on the Reformist feces only a century after his death, while his impact on theology, social life, philosophy and politics of the 14th century England does not receive appropriate attention. The fact is that Wycliffe was involved in a act of happenings in philosophy, science and theology that occurred in his day. These happenings laid foundation to the subsequent flowering of science, art, and literature cognise as the Renaissance, and Wycliffes contribution to these developments deserves to be studied more deeply and systematically.Although Wycliffe as a priest back up the idea of a papacy for most of his life, his late views of the church were rather close to the doctrines of contemporary spectral institutions. Thus, he considered the church to be the congregation of the predestined, believed in the priesthood of all believers and rejected the traditional doctrine that the clergy were synonymic to the church claiming they were also laymen as any other believer (Parker, 1965 36). Moreover, Wycliffe also argued that popes can make mis channelizes and take wrong decisions because only God is flawless, while even the most righteous pope is also a layman (McLaughlin, 2000 4). These challenging views found their reflections in the doctrines of lordship, dominium and the state of grace formulated by Wycliffe during the political frame of his c areer. The doctrine of Dominium postulates that man had had full lordship over the world before the Fall, and Christ restored it through his death on the cross. However, he restored the lordship not to the clergy alone the lordship is restored to all the believers whom truly shared the passion of Christ. The entailing conclusion that those who share are in a state of grace and thus have lordship over the world undermined the lordship of clergy and church greatly. The premiss that the origin of lordship and authority was truth coupled with the supposition that even popes make mistakes led Wycliffe to conclude that if the church takes bad wrong decisions, its authority vanishes. The real danger of such views for the church became apparent when John of Gaunt, a genteel leader, seized the temporalities based upon Wycliffes doctrine that If the church fail in its duty, the temporal lords may rightly and licitly deprive it of its temporal possessions the judgment of such failure lying not with the theologian but with the civil politician (Poole cited in McLaughlin, 2000 5).Wycliffes attitude to the concepts of forgiveness and repurchase also contradicted the established doctrine of the church. He claimed that salvation could be achieved only by sincere faith Trust wholly in Christ confide altogether on his sufferings beware of seeking to be justified in any other charge than by his righteousness. Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ is sufficient for salvation (McLaughlin, 2000 5). Wycliffe questioned the concepts of confession and disapproved of the charge of selling indulgences and other

Management guru profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management guru visibleness - Essay ExampleThe most unique ability of this management guru was to look at any assumption system or factory operations and give suggestions on how both the quality of the end overlap and the efficiency of the work could be improved. In fact, as one of the leading lights of the industrial age, he accept that the people responsible for the management of a company have to cooperate with and consider the problems faced by the labor (Boddy, 2002). Taylor made it clear that without efficient planning or recognizing the problems of the workers, no management system could amplification profitability.According to the system devised by Taylor, productivity could be improved if the respectable person was found for doing the right job and that the person was to be given increasing rewards for increased performance. His systems and thoughts got popular enough in his stimulate lifetime that he became the first recognized management consultant. He helped severa l businesses increase productivity mend reducing labor costs to the extent that work which was previously through with(p) by hundreds of workers could be done with a few dozen (Nelson, 1980).His most famous work, The Principles of Scientific Management was written to describe a system which could be easily applied to many different companies at the time. Its usefulness is still true today since his ideas about improving both the lives of the workers and the performance of a company continue to remain grave considerations for management personnel. The modern fields of organizational psychology, organizational behavior and the scientific analysis of management techniques owe a lot to Taylor (Nelson, 1980).In conclusion, the values given by Fredrick Taylor can be summarized as a making a logical analysis, improving the production quality, reduced spending, better living conditions for workers, giving workers undimmed goals/feedback, supporting the

Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Essay

Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans - Essay casingNotably, this reflects limited interference activity. To achieve a commendable heart and soul, there should be a high panelling of the injected RNA. In an endogenous activity, an antisense-sense mixture has the capacity to produce interference that is very effective. In the development of a dsRNA (double-stranded RNA), the evident feature is the potency of the antisense-sense mixture in the interfering activity.Placing the double-stranded structure in cis has no effect on the potent activity of the interference. That is, double-strand sequences that are positioned on level 3 or 5 of a single-strand segment are not able to trigger interference. Using unc-54, fem-1 and hlh-1 to assess the target uniqueness of the effectuate of dsRNA, the results include (1) progeny broods with a null-mutant phenotype are produced and (2) the single RNA threads with no important interference.At ce llular levels, the effects of interference of dsRNA can also be examined. Fractions of the Derived fluorescent protein (GFP) decrease when they are injected with dsRNA and the alike is explained by in the figure above and

Organizational Change Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

organizational remove Theory - Research Paper ExampleIn this paper, we will explore some primordial issues tie in to the opening of organizational flip. Importance of Organizational Change Theory By understanding organizational change theory, managers can explore various external and intragroup forces of change. Two main external factors of change include competitive environment and technological development. Competitive environment is such a factor that forces an organization to figure development of high quality products to increase client base, as well as to improve customer satisfaction. Technological development, on the other hand, refers to the use of latest technology to remain competitive in the market. If we let out about the importance of organizational change theory with respect to internal forces of change, we can say that this theory helps managers understand changes in the working atmosphere, changes in employment rules and regulations, and required changes in employee retention strategies. As Rasing (2010) states, the key to organizational change and development lies in the understanding of peoples requirements and work towards it (p. 1). ... 49). From employers perspective, the readiness to adapt to ongoing internal and external changes is the biggest thing that organizational change theory demands from employers. Moreover, managers likewise need to show willingness for organizational changes, as well as for developing strategies for implementing those changes. A higher level of organizational readiness for changes results in more effective implementation of required changes. The reason is that when the level of readiness is high, employers take quick actions to initiate the bidding of change, as well as dis nobble a highly cooperative behavior with all members of the organization. Organizational members need to be committed to towards implementing essential changes to organizational policies and functions in order to maximize the l evels of productivity and efficiency. Employers also need to assess the key determinants of change implementation, which include situational factors, task demands, and availability of required resources. These three determinants play a vital role in determining whether an organization is ready to implement required changes or not. Based on assessment, employers develop suitable strategies to put required changes into action. Demands of Organizational Change From Employees Perspective If we lambast about the requirements of organizational change from employees perspective, we can say that willingness to work according to modified policies and eagerness to bum about trained accordingly are the biggest requirements. Employees always play a critical role in convey positive organizational changes. As Avey, Wernsing, and Luthans (2008) states, one of the